Copper-deposited carbon fiber aluminum kumfa sanwici panel halaye halaye idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada aluminum kumfa sanwici panel

Sanwici kumfa aluminum(AFS) bangarori suna da haɗe-haɗe na tsari da halaye na aiki kamar ƙarancin ƙima, ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi, ingantaccen ƙarfin kuzari, ƙarfin damping, da garkuwar lantarki. Waɗannan kyawawan kaddarorin sun sa AFS suna da babban fa'ida a sararin samaniya, sufuri, da filayen ruwa. Idan aka kwatanta da kumfa na ƙarfe da ƙyar, faranti na ƙarfe na AFS na iya ɗaukar kumfa yadda ya kamata kuma su inganta ingantattun kayan aikin injin sa, kamar juzu'i da ƙarfin lankwasawa. Gabaɗaya, an ƙirƙira AFS ta hanyar haɗin kai, wanda ya haɗa da haɗa kumfa aluminium zuwa ƙwanƙolin ƙarfe ta amfani da mannen resin epoxy.

Ko da yake hanyar haɗin kai da kyau tana haɓaka damp ɗin tsari, yana tare da iyakancewa, gami da ƙalubalen sake yin amfani da su da kuma lallacewa ga gazawar lalatawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi ko lalata. Don magance waɗannan iyakoki, an ƙaddamar da yunƙurin bincike don cimma haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe tsakanin rukunin da babban Layer.

A halin yanzu, manyan hanyoyin shirye-shirye na AFS da ke da nufin cimma haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe gabaɗaya an kasasu su zuwa rukuni uku: walda, narke kumfa, da hanyar yin birgima foda. Daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyin, hanyar yin jujjuya foda na ƙarfe ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mafifici don sarrafa tsarin pore da samun kumfa mai ƙarancin zafin jiki. Ayyukanmu na baya sunyi amfani da wannan fasaha don ƙirƙira babban girman AFS tare da ingantattun kaddarorin haɓakawa da tsarin salon salula don aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin kayan aikin injin kumfa na kumfa, haɓaka ƙarfin injin na AFS yana iyakance, don haka ƙarin haɓaka ƙarfin kumfa yana da mahimmanci ga AFS.

Don kwanan wata, na kowa hanyoyin bayar da rahoton inganta matsawa inji Properties naaluminum kumfasu ne kamar haka: surface jiyya, zafi magani, da kuma ƙarfafa ta ƙara barbashi, zaruruwa, alloying abubuwa, da dai sauransu Daga cikin su, short carbon zaruruwa tare da low yawa, high na roba modules, da kuma babban al'amari rabo sun jawo hankalin m a matsayin alamar ƙarfafa kayan. Haka kuma, daɗaɗɗen filaye na carbon fibers, ta hanyar lantarki ko sinadarai kamar plating na jan ƙarfe ko plating nickel, yana ƙara haɓaka wettability na filayen carbon a cikin narkewar aluminium kuma yana guje wa halayen tsaka-tsaki masu cutarwa tsakanin filayen carbon da narkewar aluminum. Short fiber carbon fiber yanzu ana amfani da ko'ina don ƙarfafa abubuwan haɗin matrix na aluminum.

Bhav Singhetal. Carbon fibers mai rufin jan ƙarfe da aka shirya sun ƙarfafa abubuwan haɗin matrix na aluminum ta hanyar motsa jiki. Muetal. Ƙirƙirar matrix na aluminium da aka ƙera an ƙarfafa su tare da filaye masu rufaffiyar nickel ta amfani da hanyar simintin juzu'i biyu. Sakamakon ya nuna ingantaccen haɓakawa a cikin ƙarfin juzu'i na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙari na fiber carbon. Koyaya, an sami taƙaitaccen bincike da aka gudanar akanaluminum kumfa ƙarfafatare da carbon fibers mai rufin tagulla. Kaoetal. Carbon fibers mai rufaffiyar tagulla na farko da aka shirya sun ƙarfafa kumfa aluminium ta hanyar narke kumfa. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa 0.35 vol% na Cf zai iya daidaita kumfa na aluminum ta hanyar hana fashewar fim na ruwa, kuma yawan adadin zaruruwa da aka kara a cikin kumfa ya fi kwanciyar hankali. Muetal. ya nuna cewa damping Properties na aluminum kumfa da aka shirya ta hanyar narke kumfa hanya an inganta sosai tare da ƙari na Cf.

Dangane da haka, ana iya ƙarasa da cewa ƙari na Cf na iya zama dabarun inganci don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali a lokaci guda da kaddarorin injiniyoyi.aluminum kumfa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ba a sami wani rahoto game da filayen carbon da aka yi da jan karfe da aka ƙarfafa aluminum kumfa sanwici da aka shirya ta hanyar hanyar ƙarfe na foda, wanda ke motsa masu bincike don gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a wannan filin.

An gudanar da bincike da yawa akan tsarin nucleation da kwanciyar hankali naaluminum kumfatare da ƙarin matakan ƙarfafawa. Bambance-bambance a cikin lambar pore da ilimin halittar jiki,

kamar girman, rarrabawa, da siffa, yawanci ana danganta su ga hanyoyin ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin cuta da kwanciyar hankali. Abubuwan da ke haifar da ɓarnawar ƙwayar cuta da hanyoyin daidaita hanyoyin sadarwa na oxide a cikin tsarin ƙarfe na ƙarfe an bincika sosai. Kwata-kwata gami foda wanda ya ƙunshi Al-Si–Mg-Cu da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan takarda sun baje kolin ƙimar faɗaɗawa na musamman da ƙananan yanayin kumfa, tare da zafin jiki mai ƙarfi na 507 ◦C da zafin jiki na ruwa na 596 ◦C. Duk da haka, akwai rashin bincike game da tsarin nucleation, kwanciyar hankali, da kuma kayan aikin injiniya na ƙwanƙwasa foda wanda ke dauke da wannan abun da ke ciki na musamman, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa Cf. A cikin ayyukan da suka gabata, an gudanar da bincike na ƙaddamarwa da hanyoyin daidaitawa da farko ta hanyar hanyoyin da ba a cikin wuri ba, wanda ya haɗa da nazarin kwayoyin halitta na samfurori da aka kwantar da sauri bayan katsewar kumfa. Abin baƙin ciki, ƙananan kumfa nucleation yana faruwa da farko yayin dumama precursor kuma yana faɗaɗa cikin sauri tsakanin tazara tsakanin 100 ms zuwa 1 s, galibi yana gabatar da ƙalubale don kallo na ainihi. Fasahar hoto ta zamani ta synchrotron radiation X-ray tana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ƙudurin sararin samaniya, yana ba da izini ga ainihin lokaci, a cikin yanayin lura da tsarin haɓakawa da haɓakar tsarin kumfa na aluminum a yanayin zafi mai tsayi. A halin yanzu, kawai masu bincike masu iyaka sun binciko kinetics na kumfa na Al-Si-Mg foda foda ta synchrotron radiation. Misali, García-Morenoetal. ya ba da rahoton gagarumin al'amura masu ƙarfi a cikin kumfa na aluminum na ruwa, gami da haɓakawa da haɓakawa, sake tsara kumfa, ja da baya na ruwa, haɓakawa, da fashewar fim. Kamm et al. yayi nazarin tsarin haɓakawa da haɓakar kumfa aluminium ta AlSi8Mg4 ta synchrotron radiation. Binciken da suka yi ya nuna cewa hydrogen da aka samu ta hanyar bazuwar adsorbates akan saman foda na karfe yana wakiltar wata babbar hanyar nucleation. Duk da haka, hulɗar tsakanin abubuwan da aka riga aka gyara yana da rikitarwa, kuma yanayin kumfa na iya yin tasiri ta hanyar abun da ke ciki. Don duka tsarin foda na Al-Si-Cu-Mg da tsarin foda na Al-Si-Cu-Mg tare da ƙarin Cf, fahimta da bincika farawa da haɓaka kumfa na ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka tsarin kumfa don haɓaka kaddarorin. don aikace-aikace.

A cikin wannan aikin, Cf/AFS da AFS tare da haɗin gwiwar tsaka-tsakin ƙarfe an shirya su ta hanyar hanyar yin birgima foda. An lura da juyin halittar kumfa na Cf/AFS da AFS a wurin ta hanyar radiation synchrotron don bayyana tsarin Cf akan kumfa nucleation, girma da haɗuwa, da kwanciyar hankali. Bugu da ƙari, Cf/AFS da AFS an yi kumfa a 620 ◦C don 15 min a cikin tanderun ɗaki. Daga baya, an gwada rarraba girman ramuka, ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, da kaddarorin inji na samfuran kumfa da aka gwada kuma an gwada su. Dangane da binciken da aka ambata, tsari da ƙarfin matsawa na Cf/AFS da AFS an ƙididdige su cikin tsari.

2. Kayan aiki da hanyoyin

2.1. Raw kayan

An yi amfani da kayan albarkatun kasa guda shida don shirya AFS da Cf / AFS: Al foda (matsakaicin girman: 45 μm, tsarki> 99.70%), Si foda (matsakaicin girman: 38 μm, tsarki> 99.50%), Cu foda (matsakaicin girman: 38 μm, tsarki> 99.90%), Mg foda (matsakaicin girman: 75 μm, tsarki> 99.70%), TiH2 foda (matsakaicin girman: 45 μm, tsabta> 99.70%), da kuma carbon fiber mai rufi na jan karfe (matsakaicin girman: 1 ~ 2 mm, kauri mai rufi na jan karfe: 1.4 μm).

2.2. Farashin Cf/AFS

An kwatanta tsarin dabarar hanyar yin birgima foda a cikiHoto 1. A lokacin hadawa mataki, quaternary alloy AlSi6Mg4Cu4 foda an shirya, tare da foda na Al, Si, Cu, da Mg a cikin rabbai na 86 wt%, 6 wt%, 4 wt%, da 4 wt%, bi da bi. 1 wt% oxidized TiH2 foda (maganin zafi a cikin iska don 1.5 h a 470 ◦C) an ƙara shi azaman wakili mai busa wanda ya saki H2 da sauri a zafin jiki na narkewa yana faɗaɗa narkewa. Bugu da ƙari, 0.5 wt% na carbon fibers an haɗa su azaman matakan ƙarfafawa. Musamman ma, don haɓaka wettability da hana cutarwa halayen kamar Al4C3 a fiber-aluminum narkewa dubawa a lokacin kumfa, carbon zaruruwa an rufi tagulla ta hanyar electroplating. An bayyana tsarin aikin lantarki a cikin Refs.Hoto 2yana nuna nau'in carbon fibers mai rufin tagulla da aka samu ta hanyar sanyawa mara amfani. Rubutun yana da daidaituwa da ci gaba da ɗaukar hoto na fiber surface(Hoto 2(a)–(b)). Daga baya, an shirya nau'ikan kayan haɗin gwal daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken ta hanyar haɗa foda da aka ambata sosai tare da kuma ba tare da Cf ba a cikin mahaɗin mai girma uku na 3 h. An lullube foda mai gauraya iri ɗaya a cikin wani rami da aka rufe, sannan hanyoyin jujjuya sanyi da zafi.

Matsayin juyi sanyi yana fitar da iska yadda ya kamata daga cikin cavities da tsaka-tsakin sarari tsakanin barbashi ta jerin fassarori masu yawa da ƙananan baƙin ciki. Matsayin mirgina mai zafi yana tabbatar da cewa mai ƙididdigewa ya sami ƙarancin dangi wanda ya wuce 98% ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na panel da foda, wanda ke sauƙaƙe tsarin kumfa mai zuwa. An bayyana cikakkun sigogin tsarin birgima a cikin Refs. Ana samun AFS da Cf/AFS kumfa precursors ta hanyar da aka ambata. Daga qarshe, duka abubuwan da za a iya yin kumfa sun kasance masu zafi a 620 ◦C don 15 min don ƙirƙirar samfuran Cf / AFS da AFS, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don ƙididdigar girman pore, ƙirar ƙirar microstructural, da gwaje-gwajen kaddarorin inji.

2.3. Halaye da hanyoyin gwaji

2.3.1. Halin ƙananan ƙananan sassa

An bincikar sinadarai na Microstructure na Cf/AFS da AFS ta hanyar sikanin sikanin lantarki (SEM, Zeiss Ultra Plus). An yi amfani da makamashi watsawa spectroscopy (EDS) don gane abun da ke ciki na daban-daban matakai a cikin cell bango na kumfa samfurori. An samo sassan tsayin daka na samfurori ta hanyar yanke samfurori masu kumfa ta amfani da na'ura mai ba da wutar lantarki (EDM, DK7745). Bayan haka, an lulluɓe sassan tsayin samfuran da fenti sannan kuma an goge shi da yashi da goge ta hanyar amfani da yashi 800-grit da 1500-grit, bi da bi. A ƙarshe, daidaitattun diamita na tantanin halitta (Dmean) na ɓangaren ƙirar ƙirar ƙira an ƙaddara ta amfani da software na nazarin hoto, Image Pro Plus 6.0.

Hoto 1.Tsarin tsari na hanyar yin birgima foda na ƙarfe.

Hoto 2.Hotunan SEM na (a) carbon fibers mai rufin tagulla, da (b) suna nuna girman ra'ayi na yankin da ke da alamar ja a cikin (a). Hotuna (c) da (d) sune sakamakon EDS na maki A cikin (b).

Hoto 3.Tsarin tsari na saitin gwajin radiation na synchrotron.

2.3.2. Duban kumfa a cikin wurin ta hanyar radiation synchrotron

An zana zane-zane na saitin gwajin radiation na synchrotron a cikiHoto 3. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a kan katako mai lamba 4W1A na Cibiyar Radiation ta Beijing Synchrotron (BSRF, Cibiyar Harkokin Kimiya ta Makamashi ta Beijing, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sin, Sin). Ba kamar na al'ada na ɗaukar hoto-kwatancen hoto ba, wannan takarda tana amfani da hoton bambance-bambancen lokaci tare da Synchrotron Radiation Light Source. Wannan dabarar tana magance iyakantaccen hoto na al'ada na al'ada, wanda ba shi da tasiri don ganin abubuwa masu rauni. An aiwatar da tsarin kumfa na samfuran a cikin tanderun da aka ƙera na kumfa, wanda ke nuna taga murabba'in mm 15 zuwa 15 mm wanda aka daidaita daidai da hanyar katakon X-ray. Girman samfurin, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3, yana da 15 mm × 15 mm × 2 mm. Ana sanya samfurin a cikin nau'in kumfa mai kumfa wanda ya ƙunshi adadin adadin zanen yumbu. A cikin tsarin kumfa, X-ray na iya wucewa ta cikin samfurin kuma ana ɗaukar su ta hanyar na'urar da aka haɗa caji (CCD). Zaɓaɓɓen tushen X-ray yana aiki da ƙarfi na 20 Kev, kuma an yi amfani da matsakaicin girman girman 7.4 mm × 7.4 mm don ba da damar cikakken lura da duk tsarin kumfa.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa samfurorin da aka lura an sanya su a cikin hanyar da ta dace zuwa duka jujjuyawar da kuma jagorancin tangential. Dukan abubuwan da suka riga sun ƙunshi 0.5 wt% Cf da waɗanda ba tare da 0.5 wt% Cf an cire sassan gefen su daga bangarorin biyu na samfurori ta amfani da EDM. An bincika tasirin Cf akan halayen kumfa na aluminum kumfa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, an yi kumfa masu ƙima tare da abubuwa daban-daban a cikin tanderun dumama iri ɗaya a yanayin zafin da aka saita na 620 ◦C.

2.3.3. Gwajin kaddarorin injin matsi

An yanke samfurori na matsawa a cikin samfurori na cylindrical tare da tsawo na 23 mm da diamita na 20 mm ta EDM, kuma an tabbatar da kowane shugabanci ya haɗa da akalla 10 cikakke pores don kauce wa girman girman. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen matsawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ta bin ka'idodin ISO13314-2011 da GB/T31930-2015, ta amfani da injin gwajin kayan lantarki na duniya na AG-XPLUS tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin lodi na 100 KN. An gwada samfurori guda uku don kowane rukuni, kuma matsananciyar damuwa-matsala a cikin wannan takarda suna wakiltar matsakaicin sakamakon da aka samu daga samfurori guda uku da aka gwada. Dukkan gwaje-gwajen an yi su ne a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙaura, suna kiyaye saurin kai tsaye na 2 mm/min (daidai da ƙimar farko na 10− 3 s-1) a zafin ɗaki.

Hoto 4.Hotunan radiyo na synchrotron da aka samo lokaci-lokaci na tsarin kumfa na Cf/AFS: (a) precursor mara kumfa a lokacin t0 na 380 ◦C; (b)– (c) narkar da jan ƙarfe na asali da nau'in nucleation na II yayin narkewar farko; (d)– (g) nau'in nucleation da tsarin girma na kumfa; da (h)– (i) kumfa masu haɗuwa da fashe.

3. Sakamako da tattaunawa

3.1. A cikin yanayin yanayin kumfa a ƙarƙashin synchrotron radiation

3.1.1. Juyin Juyin Halitta na Cf/AFS

Hoto 4yana nuna jerin hotuna na radiation synchrotron da ke nuna tsarin kumfa na Cf/AFS. Hotunan asali na Cf/AFS(Hoto na 4 (a))An kama lokacin da matrix ɗin ke cikin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi a 380 ◦C, kuma an saita wannan lokacin azaman t0. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin mafarin, Cf yana bayyana baƙar fata a cikin matrix mai arzikin allumini mai rinjaye. Ana iya danganta wannan ga babban abun ciki na jan karfe a saman fiber, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikiHoto na 2(c)–(d), wanda ke da mafi girman adadin ƙwayar atom ɗin dangi idan aka kwatanta da sauran abubuwan da ke gaba. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin Cf ana lura da tarwatsewa kuma an ware su, maimakon tarawa tare, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin.Hoto na 4 (a). Wannan yana nuna cewa tare da ƙari na 0.5 wt% na Cf, tsarin motsawa na sa'o'i 3 zai iya isa ga yanayin watsawa da ake so yadda ya kamata.

A t0+194s (kamar yadda aka gani aHoto na 4 (b)), adadi mai yawa na fari, kusan kumfa mai siffar zobe tare da diamita daga 90 μm zuwa 180 μm ana iya gani a cikin matrix aluminum matrix (alama da kibiya ja). Yawan kumfa ya ci gaba da karuwa a cikin s46, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikiHoto na 4 (c). Bugu da ƙari, wani canji mai mahimmanci da ke faruwa a cikin matrix shine cewa wasu ƙananan kumfa suna samuwa a saman Cf tare da ƙaddamarwar Cu dissolutions (alama tare da akwatin ja mai digo). Ana iya danganta wannan lamarin ga nau'in nucleation na II da ke faruwa a cikin ƙaramin foda mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe. An yarda da cewa ƙari na Cu yana rage yawan zafin jiki na narkewa. Wannan yana haifar da narkewa a cikin yanki kusa da barbashi foda a cikin precursor foda mai ƙunshe da foda tagulla yayin aikin dumama, samar da adadi mai yawa na Al-Si-Mg-Cu quaternary eutectic narke a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Tafkin eutectic na huɗu yana mai daɗa zama yanki mai rauni a cikin gami kuma ya fi saurin kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta. A sakamakon haka, kumfa suna da yuwuwar yin lalata kuma suyi girma kusa da mai rufin tagulla akan saman fiber. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙananan juzu'in ruwa a cikin matrix a wannan lokacin yana haifar da iskar gas daga rugujewar TiH2 zuwa sauƙi taruwa a cikin matrix aluminum. Nau'in nucleation na II zai iya guje wa tara tarin iskar gas da ke tilasta ƙarancin juzu'in matrix na ruwa baya da yada tsagewa ta cikin ruwa, yana haifar da asarar adadin hydrogen.

Hoto na 4 (d)yana nuna kumfa da farko suna lalata kuma suna girma a yankin Cf yayin da matrix ɗin ya narke gaba ɗaya, kuma wuraren kumfa sun yi daidai da bace mai rufin jan ƙarfe (alama da akwatin ja mai digo). An tabbatar da cewa ƙari na matakan sakandare yana ƙara yawan wuraren da ake kira nucleation, ta haka ne ya rage shingen makamashi don samar da sababbin kumfa a cikin narkewar gami. A halin yanzu, ƙimar nucleation yana da alaƙa da jimillar yanki mai nau'in nucleation a kowace juzu'in raka'a. Saboda haka, ana iya lura da cewa kumfa da farko suna ƙullawa a wuraren da zaruruwan carbon ɗin suke kuma suna faɗaɗa tsayin fiber ɗin carbon. Tare da ƙarin haɓaka a cikin juzu'in narkewa, sabbin kumfa masu yawa suna ci gaba da fitowa dagaHoto 4 (e) -4 (g). Duk da haka, ƙimar haɗaɗɗen wuri da fashewar kumfa yana sannu a hankali, yana nuna cewa kumfa suna da kwanciyar hankali. A t0 + 426s, adadin kumfa yana ƙaruwa sosai, kuma

Ƙararren ƙira yana nuna babban haɓakawa(Hoto na 4 (h)). Bugu da ƙari kuma, faruwar wasu kumfa (wanda aka yiwa alama da kibiya mai ja), inda ƙananan kumfa ke shanyewa da manya saboda maturation na Ostwald, wani abu ne da babu makawa a lokacin juyin halittar kumfa mai ƙarfe [40]. Wannan al'amari na balaga kuma yana haifar da bayyanar ƙaramin adadi na kumfa masu girma da marasa tsari (wanda aka yiwa alama da jan kibiya a ciki.Hoto na 4 (i)).

Hoto 5.Hotunan lokaci-lokaci na tsarin kumfa na AFS a matakai daban-daban: (a) precursor wanda ba a narke ba a lokacin t0 na 380 ◦C; (b) Rushewar ƙarfe na farko da nau'in nucleation na II yayin narkewar farko; (c) nucleation da girma matakai na kumfa; da (d)–(f) kumfa masu haɗuwa da fashewa.

3.1.2. Juyin Halitta na AFS

Hoto 5 yana nuna jerin hotuna na synchrotron radiation wanda ke kwatanta tsarin kumfa na AFS. Hakazalika da Cf/AFS, hoton farko na jerin radiation na synchrotron an kama shi lokacin da AFS ke cikin ingantaccen lokaci a 380 ◦C (dubaHoto na 5 (a)). Lokacin da matrix ya yi zafi sama da zafin jiki mai ƙarfi, ƙananan farar kumfa suna iya gani a cikiHoto na 5 (b) da (c), sakamakon lalacewa na TiH2 da kuma faruwar nau'in nucleation na II a cikin yankin Cu-rich. Koyaya, adadin kumfa da aka haifar da yawan rarraba su a cikiHoto na 5 (c)shi ne musamman ƙasa idan aka kwatanta daHoto na 4 (c). Wannan yana nuna cewa Cf/AFS yana ba da ƙarin tashoshi don sakin iskar gas na farko yayin ƙaddamarwa, yana hana wuce gona da iri na fashe a cikin matrix aluminum tare da ƙaramin juzu'in ruwa.

Ana iya lura da ƙarancin adadin rukunin yanar gizo na AFS da kuma yuwuwar haɓakar kumfa mara kyau idan aka kwatanta da Cf/AFS dagaHoto na 5(d)–(f). Juyin halittar kumfa na AFS ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kuma girmansu yana nuna sauye-sauye masu yawa saboda kasancewar kumfa masu girman micrometer guda biyu da kumfa masu girman millimita marasa daidaituwa (alama da kibiya mai ja). Bugu da ƙari, wannan rashin daidaituwa da rashin daidaituwa a lokacin farkon tsarin ƙaddamarwa na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin pore na ƙarshe da kaddarorin inji tsakanin AFS da Cf / AFS.

3.2. Binciken macrostructure

Don bincika bambance-bambance a cikin macroscopic pore ilimin halittar jiki da diamita na pore tsakanin AFS da Cf / AFS, an shirya tsarin sanwici guda biyu a ƙarƙashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje a zafin kumfa na 620 ◦C na 15 min. Ana nuna macrostructures da rarraba girman tantanin halitta na AFS da Cf/AFS a cikiHoto 6. Kwatanta sassan tsaye na samfuran sanwici guda biyu yana nuna cewa kumfa Cf/AFS suna da mafi kyawun sel da ƙarancin lahani kamar fashewa ko haɗuwa da sel (dubaHoto na 6 (b)). Akasin haka, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikiHoto 6 (a), AFS yana nuna rashin daidaituwa na pore tare da kasancewar wasu manyan pores mara kyau. A halin yanzu, daidai da diamita na pore na AFS da Cf / AFS sun kasance 2.9 ± 0.2 mm da 1.9 ± 0.1 mm, bi da bi, yana ba da shawarar cewa an ƙara haɓaka diamita ta hanyar ƙari na Cf (duba.Hoto na 6 (c) da (d)).

Juyin tsarin pore yana tasiri ta hanyoyi guda biyu masu gasa: lalatawar TiH2 da haɗuwa da fashewar kumfa. Rushewar TiH2 yana ba da gudummawar haɓakar adadin nucleation, porosity, da haɓakar haɓakawa, yayin da haɗuwa da fashewar kumfa yana rage adadin pores kuma yana ƙara diamita na pores. Rage haɗin kumfa da abubuwan fashewa suna ba da gudummawa don samun ingantaccen tsarin salula. Saboda haka, babban kwanciyar hankali na kumfa ya zama dole don kula da daidaituwar tsarin pore yayin aikin kumfa. Don Cf/AFS, ƙari na Cf yana haɓaka daɗaɗɗen zaruruwa tare da narke aluminum. Kama da rahoton Cf ƙarfafa kumfa aluminium [44] wanda aka shirya ta hanyar narke kumfa, ƙari na Cf yana daidaita kumfa na aluminum ta hana fashewar bangon tantanin halitta da rage haɓakawa. A halin yanzu, Cf na iya ƙirƙirar tsari mai kama da layi a cikin bangon tantanin halitta, wanda ke haifar da ƙarfin rabuwa kuma yana hana fashewar kumfa, don haka, inganta tsarin tantanin halitta, kwanciyar hankali na kumfa, da daidaituwa na rarraba pore.

3.3. Halin ƙananan ƙananan sassa

Hoto na 7 (a)yana nuna microstructure na bangon tantanin halitta bayan kumfa tare da AFS. Kamar yadda aka ruwaito don AlSi6Cu4Mg4 alloy foams, eutectic Al-Si, Mg2Si, Al2Cu, da Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, suna cikin gami, wanda ya dace da binciken da aka samu daga binciken EDSHoto na 7 (b). Waɗannan sassa masu ɓarna suna rage kaddarorin inji na kumfa aluminium ta hanyar raunana bangon pore ko aiki azaman tushen fashe yayin nakasu. Sabili da haka, haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya na bangon pore ta hanyar haɓaka matakan ƙarfafawa shine dabarun da ya dace kuma mai tasiri.

Don Cf/AFS, ana iya kiyaye shi dagaHoto na 7(c) kuma (d)cewa an rarraba Cf a cikin bangon tantanin halitta ko a gefen bangon tantanin halitta, yana nuna Cf yana da ingantaccen wettability tare da narke aluminum. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana iya gani (koma zuwaHoto na 7 (d)) cewa ƙaramin adadin lokacin al2Cu da aka haɗe yana samuwa a mahaɗin tsakanin zaruruwa da narkewar aluminium. Wannan al'amari yana ba da gudummawa ga samun haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tsakanin zaruruwa da matrix. Ana iya lura da ci gaban wannan halayen yaduwa a cikin fahimtaHoto 4 (a)–(c). Yi la'akari da cewa, lokacin haɓaka ba ya kewaye da ƙwayoyin carbon gaba ɗaya, kuma yanayin da adadin wannan rarraba yana da amfani ga Cf/AFS. Dangane da nazarin Lv et al, akan Cf ƙarfafa kayan haɗin gwiwar matrix aluminum, an nuna cewa adadin da ya dace na lokacin hazo zai iya yin tasiri da daidaita ƙarfin haɗin kai.

Hoto 6.A tsaye sassan samfurin wakilci (a) AFS da (b) Cf/AFS. Madaidaicin diamita tare da filayen yanki wanda yayi daidai da (a) da (b) ana kwatanta su a (c) da (d), bi da bi. Tsayayyen layin ci gaba a cikin (c) da (d) yana wakiltar daidaitaccen log-al'ada. Regression (R2) yana wakiltar kyakkyawar dacewa.

Hoto 7.Hotunan SEM (a) da (b) suna nuna ƙananan tsarin da suka dace da suHoto 6(a) AFS daHoto 6(b) Cf/AFS, bi da bi, da ƙari,Hoto 7(b) da (d) suna nuna ma'anar ma'anarHoto 7(a) da (c), bi da bi.

3.4. Hanyar Cf tana tabbatar da kumfa na Al-Si-Mg-Cu

Dangane da binciken da aka ambata a sama, an taƙaita tsarin wakilcin tsarin kumfa don Cf/AFS da AFSHoto 8. Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin Cf/AFS da AFS a cikin matakin nucleation, haɓaka kumfa, da matakin haɗuwa, da matakin ƙarfafawa a hankali, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikiHoto na 8 (a) da (b).

Hoto 8.Tsarin tsari na Cf/AFS da halayyar kumfa AFS: (a) Cf/AFS; da (b) AFS.

A cikin matakin nucleation na AlSi6Cu4Mg4 alloy foams, kumfa sukan yi lalata a cikin ruwa kwatancin eutectic na ruwa da ke kewaye da barbashi na jan karfe, maimakon nukleate a wurin abubuwan TiH2. Irin wannan nau'in ƙwayar cuta a cikin yanki mafi rauni na precursor (nau'in nau'in nucleation na II) yana ba da ƙarin tashoshi na tserewa don iskar gas da TiH2 ke fitarwa, da guje wa tarawar iskar gas da haifar da fashewa don yaduwa a cikin aluminum narke. Bugu da kari na carbon fibers mai rufaffen jan karfe a fili yana kara haifar da ƙarin tashoshi don sakin H2. Duk da haka, tun da narkewar aluminium ba shi da isasshen juzu'in ruwa a wannan matakin, yana da wahala ga irin waɗannan ƙananan kumfa su sami isasshen tushen H2 don ci gaba da girma. A sakamakon haka, waɗannan ƙananan kumfa suna fashewa a cikin narke yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi. Lokacin da farkon ya narke gaba ɗaya, H2 da aka saki daga tashin hankali na dehydrogenation na TiH2 zai lalata kuma yayi girma cikin sauri dangane da ma'anar nucleation. Cf yana ba da wurare masu yawa iri-iri don ƙirƙirar kumfa, waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙimar ƙwayar cuta. A lokaci guda, kasancewar Cf yadda ya kamata yana hana lamba da haɗakar kumfa na farko kuma yana guje wa samuwar manyan kumfa marasa ƙarfi.

A lokacin girma da haɗuwa na kumfa, ƙari na Cf yana inganta ingantaccen kumfa. Dalilin shi ne cewa Cf da aluminum narkewa suna da kyau wettability, kuma za a iya sauƙi kama zaruruwa tsakanin biyu gas-ruwa musaya don samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa (kamar yadda aka nuna a ciki).Hoto na 7(c)). Yayin da fim ɗin ruwa ya ragu, zaruruwa na iya haifar da matsa lamba don tsayayya da tsotsa daga iyakar plateau, don haka hana fim din ruwa daga rupt. Don haka Cf/AFS yana buƙatar tsawon lokacin kumfa idan aka kwatanta da AFS, tare da kwanciyar hankali mafi girma wanda zai iya kiyaye daidaiton tsarin pore yayin juyin halittar kumfa.

A lokacin jinkirin ƙarfafa matakin, kumfa a cikin Cf/AFS ba sa girma kuma ana sanya zaruruwan a cikin bangon tantanin halitta (alama da akwatin ja mai digo). Wannan riƙewar zaruruwa yana hana ɗaukar ƙananan kumfa ta mafi girma, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin maturation na Ostwald, kuma yana hana ɓarna bangon tantanin halitta saboda haɓaka haɓaka. Sakamakon haka, Cf/AFS yana nuna tsarin pore mai kama da juna da ƙarancin lahani idan aka kwatanta da AFS.

3.5. Kayan aikin injiniya

Matsakaicin matsananciyar damuwa don Cf/AFS da AFS tare da kusan porosity iri ɗaya (83.2% da 81.4%, bi da bi) an gabatar da su a cikinHoto 9 (a). Matsakaicin matsananciyar matsananciyar damuwa yana nuna keɓantaccen sifa ta mataki uku, wanda ya ƙunshi yanki na roba na linzamin kwamfuta, yankin faranti, da yanki mai ƙima. Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na AFS da Cf/AFS sun kasance 8.44 MPa da 11.87 MPa, bi da bi. Ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na Cf/AFS ya ƙaru da 40.6% idan aka kwatanta da AFS. A halin yanzu, ƙarfin ɗaukar makamashi na Cf/AFS ya fi na AFS a iri ɗaya, kamar yadda aka nuna a ciki.Hoto na 9 (b). Ƙarfin shayarwar makamashi na AFS da Cf/AFS kusan 3.3 MJ/m3 da 6.1 MJ/m3, bi da bi. Ƙarfin ɗaukar makamashi na Cf/AFS yana haɓaka da 84.8% idan aka kwatanta da AFS.

Hoto 9.Matsakaicin matsuguni-nauyin jirgin ƙasa da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari na Cf/AFS da AFS: (a) ƙwanƙwasa matsi-matsayin jirgin ƙasa; (b) Ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin kuzari.

Haɗin Cf yana haɓaka kaddarorin injina na tushen kumfa. An sani cewa inji Properties naaluminum kumfasuna da alaƙa da alaƙa da tsarin pore da kaddarorin injin strut. Binciken macrostructural ya nuna cewa ƙari na Cf ya tsaftace girman pore, inganta rarraba raƙuman ruwa, da rage lahani. Mai kama da binciken Sasikumar et al. da Yangetal. kananan pore diamita da kunkuntar pore rarraba ne mafi amfani don bunkasa matsa lamba ƙarfi da makamashi sha yadda ya dace. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin microstructure akan kayan aikin injiniya na kumfa shine yafi saboda Cf da aka saka a cikin ganuwar pore na kumfa. Yadawa da rushewar da aka yi da jan karfe na carbon fibers a cikin matrix na aluminum na iya cimma maƙasudin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin fibers da matrix aluminum, wanda ke taimakawa wajen canja wurin kaya. Babban madaidaicin fiber carbon fiber stapled a cikin bangon pore yana iya iyakance nakasar bangon ramuka ƙarƙashin nauyin matsawa da haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da fifiko ga Cf/AFS don samun ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙarfin ɗaukar kuzari idan aka kwatanta da AFS.

4. Kammalawa

Cf/AFS da AFS an shirya su ta hanyar yin birgima foda hanyar ƙarfe a cikin wannan aikin. Halin kumfa na Cf/AFS da AFS an lura da su ta hanyar radiation synchrotron zuwa

bincika tasirin Cf akan kumfa nucleation da girma. Bugu da ƙari, an bincika Cf a kan ƙwayoyin cuta na pore, rarraba pore, da kaddarorin matsawa na kumfa aluminum. Babban abin da aka kammala shi ne kamar haka:

(1) Synchrotron radiation a cikin yanayin lura yana nuna cewa duka Cf/AFS da AFS tafiyar matakai na kumfa suna nuna matakai daban-daban guda uku: kumburin kumfa, haɓaka kumfa da haɗuwa, da ƙarfafawa.

Idan aka kwatanta da AFS, tsarin kumfa na Cf/AFS yana nuna kwanciyar hankali mafi girma da daidaiton kumfa. AFS ya fi dacewa don samar da manyan pores marasa ƙarfi a lokacin tsarin juyin halittar pore. Bugu da ƙari, bambance-bambancen ana danganta shi da tasirin nucleation daban-daban na Cf, wanda ke hana fashewar bangon kumfa kuma yana rage haɗin gwiwa yayin haɓaka ƙimar nucleation.

(2) Bugu da ƙari na 0.5 wt.% Cf yana tsaftace daidaitaccen diamita na pore daga 2.9 ± 0.2 mm zuwa 1.9 ± 0.1 mm, yana rage ƙananan lahani. A lokaci guda, da microstructure ya bayyana mai kyau wettability na Cf, wanda aka rarraba tare da pore bango da gas-m dubawa, game da shi inganta kumfa kwanciyar hankali.

(3) Idan aka kwatanta da AFS, ƙarfin yawan amfani da kuzari da ƙarfin sha na Cf/AFS ya ƙaru da kusan 40.6% da 84.8%, bi da bi. Abubuwan da aka gano na wannan binciken na iya ba da ra'ayoyi don ƙarfafa fa'idodin sanwicin kumfa na aluminum tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe na ƙarfe waɗanda ke da yuwuwar aikace-aikacen injiniya a fagen masana'antar kera motoci da sararin samaniya.

Labari daga Journal of Materials Research and Technology