Karfe kumfa: Wani sabon abu na ƙarfe wanda yake duka "ƙarfi" da "mai nauyi".

Karfe kumfa yana da tsari na musamman, yana haɗuwa da halayen ƙarfe da kayan aiki na kayan porous. Karfe kumfa nasa ne da porous karfe kayan, da ciki porosity iya zama kamar yadda high kamar yadda 90% ko fiye, da siffar ne kamar "kumfa" ko "kamar zuma", karya gargajiya ra'ayi na m tsarin karfe, da karfe "karfi" halaye. da kuma kumfa "haske" halaye, shi ne sabon tsarin-aiki hadewa na karfe kayan. “Yana karya tsarin al’ada na tsarin karfe mai yawa kuma yana da halaye na karfe da kumfa, wanda sabon nau'in kayan karfe ne tare da hadewar tsarin aiki. Saboda da musamman tsarin, kumfa karfe ba kawai retains da conductivity, ductility, weldability da sauran halaye na tushe karfe abu, amma kuma yana da aikin Properties na porous kayan, kamar makamashi sha da vibration damping, amo ragewa, electromagnetic garkuwa. Karuwar iska da rashin ruwa, wanda ya jawo hankulan jama'a a fagen kimiyyar kayan aiki a gida da waje kuma ana amfani da su sosai a fannin sararin samaniya da na petrochemical.

Manyan hanyoyin rarraba kumfa karfe sune:
(1) Dangane da girman girman diamita da porosity: diamita na pore ƙasa da 0.3mm, porosity tsakanin 45% da 90%, wanda aka sani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi; da pore diamita na 0.5-6mm, porosity fiye da 90%, da aka sani da karfe kumfa;
(2) Bisa ga tsarin pore: an raba shi zuwa tsarin pore da rufaffiyar pore;
(3) Dangane da tsarin shirye-shiryen: da farko an shirya ta hanyar kumfa ana kiranta kumfa karfe, daga baya kuma an samar da simintin simintin gyare-gyare da sauran hanyoyin shirye-shiryen kuma ana kiransa ƙarfen iska;
(4) Dangane da nau'in matrix: kumfa aluminum, kumfa nickel, kumfa na jan karfe da sauransu. Tsarin shirye-shiryen, hanyar shirye-shiryen gargajiya don samun kumfa na ƙarfe shine galibi hadaddun tsarin pore na yau da kullun, kuma bugu na 3D na iya sarrafa tsarin pore daidai, dangane da daidaito don ƙarfafa kumfa na ƙarfe don faɗaɗa yanayin aikace-aikacen, kamar porous titanium a cikin kayan aikin likitanci, daidaitattun kayan aiki da sauran filayen don cike gibin aikace-aikacen ƙarfe na kumfa.

Haɗe-haɗen kayan aiki-tsari, buƙatun aikace-aikacen kumfa na ƙarfe yana da faɗi
Ƙarfe mai kumfa yana haɗuwa da tsari da aiki: a matsayin kayan aiki, kumfa na ƙarfe yana da halaye na nauyin haske da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi; a matsayin kayan aiki, kumfa na ƙarfe yana da nau'o'in kaddarorin jiki irin su porous, damping vibration, damping, sauti-ƙarar sauti, sautin murya, zubar da zafi, shawar girgiza, kariya ta lantarki da sauransu. Tare da kaddarorin sa na musamman, an yi amfani da kumfa na ƙarfe sosai a cikin filayen masana'antu da manyan fasahohin fasaha:
(1) Yin amfani da nauyin haske da ƙayyadaddun halaye masu ƙarfi, ana amfani da shi don yin na'urorin motsa jiki na ruwa, kayan wasanni (irin su sledges, da dai sauransu), da kuma sassa masu dacewa na motocin sararin samaniya;
(2) Yin amfani da porous, tare da samar da matatun sinadarai, don tsaftace ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin injin gas, mai mai da man fetur ta atomatik, kayan ado mai kamshi, da dai sauransu;
(3) da yin amfani da vibration damping, damping yi, tare da samar da a matsayin buffer, vibration absorber, kamar saukowa kaya na sararin samaniya, lif watsa aminci matashin kai da kuma iri-iri na kwalaye, musamman iska kai kwalaye, inji kayan aiki gadaje. tushe, damping zobba, da sauransu;
(4) An yi amfani da amfani da garkuwarta na lantarki, nauyi mai nauyi da kyakkyawar ɗaukar sauti, kaddarorin sarrafa sauti, don yin ginshiƙan ƙirar sauti na masana'antar gini, harsashi na kayan lantarki da tsarin ɗakin garkuwar lantarki.

A cikin ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, ana amfani da kumfa na ƙarfe a cikin aluminum, nickel, jan karfe da kayan haɗin gwiwa, manyan halaye na kayan matrix daban-daban da wuraren aikace-aikacen sun bambanta.
(1) Aluminum kumfa: Kamar yadda farkon ɓullo da kumfa karfe abu, babban amfani da aluminum kumfa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin haske nauyi, zafi rufi, sauti rufi, electromagnetic garkuwa, sha na tasiri makamashi, da dai sauransu, wanda aka yi amfani da tasiri kariya Layer. na makamai masu linzami, jiragen sama da sassan da aka sake sarrafa su, kuma ana amfani da su a cikin fagagen buffer mota, lantarki da na'urar jijjiga na'urar, murfin kariyar igiyar lantarki ta wutar lantarki a cikin bugun jini, da sauransu;
(2) nickel kumfa: tare da haɗin pore tsarin da kuma high porosity, nickel kumfa a cikin high samun iska, high surface area da capillary karfi, yayin da a cikin lalata juriya yana da gagarumin abũbuwan amfãni, fiye amfani da samar da ruwa tacewa, catalytic converters, atomizers da farantin lantarki na baturi da masu musayar zafi;
(3) Copper kumfa: jan karfe kumfa yana da kyau lantarki watsin da ductility, a cikin shiri na baturi korau electrode (m) kayan, kara kuzari dako da electromagnetic garkuwa kayan da sauran al'amurran da yawa m.